Asayansi akukonza mitambo kuti apulumutse Great Barrier Reef

Kwakhala nyengo yotentha kwambiri ku Australia ndipo miyala yamtengo wapatali ku Great Barrier Reef ikuwonetsa zizindikiro zoyamba za kupsinjika maganizo.Akuluakulu omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka matanthwe aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amayembekezera kuphulika kwina m'masabata omwe akubwera - ngati izi zichitika, ikadakhala nthawi yachisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamene 1998 kuti kukwera kwa kutentha kwa madzi kunachotsa matanthwe akuluakulu a coral omwe amakhala ndi zolengedwa za m'nyanja zosawerengeka.Zinyama.Zitatu mwa zochitika za bleaching zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma corals atengeke mosavuta ndi matenda ndi imfa zachitika m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi. kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, amachotsa algae omwe amakhala m'matumbo awo ndikusandulika kukhala oyera. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamitundu yambiri ya nsomba, nkhanu ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi zomwe zimadalira matanthwe a coral pogona ndi chakudya. bleach chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyanja, asayansi ena akuyang'ana kumwamba kuti apeze yankho.Mwachindunji, akuyang'ana pamtambo.
Mitambo imabweretsa zambiri osati mvula kapena chipale chofewa. Masana, mitambo imachita ngati ma parasol akuluakulu, kuwunikira kuwala kwina kochokera ku Dziko lapansi kubwerera mlengalenga. Ndichifukwa chake asayansi akufufuza ngati mawonekedwe awo a thupi angasinthidwe kuti atseke kuwala kwa dzuwa. kuchulukirachulukira kwa kutentha kwanyengo.Koma palinso ma projekiti omwe cholinga chake ndi kuziziritsa kwapadziko lonse omwe amatsutsana kwambiri.
Lingaliro kumbuyo kwa lingaliroli ndi losavuta: kuwombera ma aerosols ambiri m'mitambo pamwamba pa nyanja kuti muwonjezere kuwunikira. clouds.Ndicho chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timapanga mbewu za madontho amtambo;pamene madontho a mtambowo akuchulukirachulukira, m’pamenenso mtambowo umayera ndiponso umatha kuonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kusanagwe ndi kutentha dziko lapansi.
Zoonadi, kuwombera ma aerosol a zinthu zoipitsa mitambo m’mitambo si njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la kutentha kwa dziko. Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Britain, dzina lake John Latham, ananena mu 1990 kuti agwiritse ntchito miyala yamchere imene imatuluka m’madzi a m’nyanjayi m’malo mwake. Mnzake Stephen Salter, pulofesa wotuluka paukadaulo waukadaulo ndi kapangidwe payunivesite ya Edinburgh, ndiye adapereka lingaliro la kuyika gulu la mabwato oyenda patali pafupifupi 1,500 omwe angayende panyanja, kuyamwa madzi ndi kupopera nkhungu yabwino m'mitambo kupanga mitambo. Brighter.Monga mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukupitirira kukwera, chomwechonso chidwi ndi lingaliro lachilendo la Latham ndi Salter.Kuyambira 2006, awiriwa akhala akugwirizana ndi akatswiri pafupifupi 20 ochokera ku yunivesite ya Washington, PARC ndi mabungwe ena monga gawo la Oceanic Cloud Brightening Project. (MCBP). Gulu la polojekitiyi tsopano likufufuza ngati kuwonjezera dala mchere wa m'nyanja kumitambo yotsika, yofiyira ya stratocumulus pamwamba pa nyanja kungapangitse kuti dziko lapansi likhale lozizirira.
Clouds ikuwoneka kuti imakonda kuwala kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumadzulo kwa North ndi South America ndi pakati ndi kumwera kwa Africa, adatero Sarah Doherty, wasayansi wamlengalenga ku yunivesite ya Washington ku Seattle yemwe wakhala akuyang'anira MCBP kuyambira 2018. panyanja pamene chinyontho chimasonkhanitsa mozungulira njere zamchere, koma kuwonjezera mchere pang'ono kungathe kuwonjezera mphamvu yonyezimira ya mitambo.Kuwalitsa mtambo waukulu wophimba madera oyenerera ndi 5% ukhoza kuzizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Doherty adatero. kayeseleledwe kompyuta akusonyeza. "Kafukufuku wathu kumunda wa jetting nyanja mchere particles mu mitambo pa mlingo wochepa kwambiri kudzatithandiza kumvetsa mozama njira zofunika thupi zomwe zingachititse kuti zitsanzo bwino," iye anati. zinakonzedwa kuti ziyambe mu 2016 pamalo omwe ali pafupi ndi Monterey Bay, California, koma zachedwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama komanso kutsutsa kwa anthu kuti kuyesera kungawononge chilengedwe.
"Sitikuyesa mwachindunji kuwunikira kwa mtambo wa nyanja pamlingo uliwonse womwe umakhudza nyengo," adatero Doherty. Nyengo chifukwa cha zovuta zake. physics ku University of Oxford.Palinso zovuta zaukadaulo.Kupanga makina opopera omwe amatha kuwunikira mitambo modalirika si ntchito yapafupi, chifukwa madzi a m'nyanja amakonda kutsekeka pamene mchere umachulukana.Kuthana ndi vutoli, MCBP inapempha thandizo kwa Armand Neukermans, Ndi thandizo la ndalama lochokera kwa Bill Gates ndi akatswiri ena aukadaulo aukadaulo, Neukmans tsopano akupanga ma nozzles omwe amatha kuphulitsa madontho a madzi amchere akukula koyenera (120 mpaka 400 nanometers. in diameter) mumlengalenga.
Pamene gulu la MCBP likukonzekera kuyesa kunja, gulu la asayansi aku Australia lasintha mawonekedwe oyambirira a nozzle ya MCBP ndikuyesa pamwamba pa Great Barrier Reef. Australia yawona kutentha kwa 1.4 ° C kuyambira 1910, kupitirira pafupifupi 1.1 ° padziko lonse lapansi. C, ndi Great Barrier Reef yataya makorali opitilira theka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyanja.
Kuwala kwamtambo kungapereke chithandizo kwa matanthwe ndi anthu okhalamo.Kuti akwaniritse izi, katswiri wa zamaphunziro a zanyanja ku Southern Cross University Daniel Harrison ndi gulu lake anaika makina opangira kafukufuku m'chombo chotulutsa madzi kuchokera m'nyanja. ndi kuphulitsa mathililiyoni a tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'mlengalenga kudzera m'mphuno zake za 320. Madonthowa amauma mumlengalenga, ndikusiya mchere wamchere, womwe umasakanikirana ndi mitambo yotsika kwambiri ya stratocumulus.
Mayesero otsimikizira malingaliro a gululi mu Marichi 2020 ndi 2021 - pomwe ma corals ali pachiwopsezo choyanika kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha ku Australia - anali ang'ono kwambiri kuti asinthe kwambiri chivundikiro chamtambo. Komabe, Harrison adadabwa ndi liwiro lomwe Utsi wamchere unkapita kumwamba. Gulu lake linaulutsa ma drone okhala ndi zida zamphamvu mpaka mamita 500 kuti aone mmene phokosoli likuyendera.
Gululi ligwiritsanso ntchito zoyesa mpweya pachombo chachiwiri chofufuzira komanso malo opangira nyengo pamiyala yamchere ndi kumtunda kuti aphunzire momwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mitambo zimasakanikirana mwachilengedwe kuti ziwonekere bwino. , zingakhudze nyanja m’njira zabwino ndi zosayembekezereka,” anatero Harrison.
Malingana ndi chitsanzo cha gulu la Harrison, kuchepetsa kuwala pamwamba pa nyanjayi ndi pafupifupi 6% kungachepetse kutentha kwa matanthwe omwe ali pakati pa Great Barrier Reef ndi 0.6 ° C. Matanthwe—Great Barrier Reef amapangidwa ndi matanthwe opitilira 2,900 omwe amayenda pamtunda wa makilomita 2,300 kudutsa—zikhala vuto lalikulu, Harrison adati, chifukwa zingafune kuti malo opoperapopoperapopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopo 800 azitha miyezi ingapo mafunde asayembekezere. ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti imatha kuwonedwa kuchokera mumlengalenga, koma imaphimba 0,07% yokha ya dziko lapansi. nyengo ndi machitidwe a mvula, imakhalanso yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi mtambo seeding.Ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo ndege kapena drones kuwonjezera magetsi kapena mankhwala monga silver iodide ku mitambo kuti apange mvula. United Arab Emirates ndi China ayesa luso lothana ndi kutentha. kapena kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.Koma njira zoterezi zimatsutsana kwambiri - ambiri amaziwona kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri.Kubzala ndi kuwala kwamtambo ndi zina mwazomwe zimatchedwa "geoengineering".Otsutsa amati ndizowopsa kwambiri kapena zimasokoneza kuchepetsa mpweya.
Mu 2015, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi Pierrehumbert adalemba nawo lipoti la National Research Council lokhudza kulowererapo kwanyengo, kuchenjeza za ndale ndi utsogoleri. perekani ndalama zokwana madola 200 miliyoni pofufuza. Pierrehumbert adalandira kafukufuku wowunikira nyanja yamchere koma adapeza zovuta ndi zida zopopera zomwe zidapangidwa ngati gawo la kafukufuku wopitilira. kulamulira, si iwo amene apanga zisankho.”Boma la Australia lidadzudzulidwa kwambiri chifukwa chosachitapo kanthu kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo komanso kudalira mphamvu zamagetsi zowotchedwa ndi malasha, likuwona kuti mitambo yam'nyanja ikuwala kwambiri. kafukufuku, chitukuko cha teknoloji ndi kuyesa njira zoposa 30, kuphatikizapo kuwala kwa mitambo ya nyanja .Ngakhale kuti njira zazikulu zoyendetsera ndalama monga Yun Zengliang zidakali zotsutsana.
Koma ngakhale kuunikira kwamtambo kutakhala kothandiza, Harrison sakuganiza kuti ingakhale yankho lanthawi yayitali kupulumutsa Great Barrier Reef. Zotsatira za kuwala kulikonse zidzathetsedwa posachedwapa. M'malo mwake, Harrison akutsutsa kuti cholinga chake ndi kugula nthawi pamene mayiko amachepetsa mpweya umene amatulutsa.” Tachedwa kwambiri kuyembekezera kuti tingachepetse mpweya woipawu kuti tipulumutse matanthwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja popanda kuchitapo kanthu.”
Kukwaniritsa kutulutsa mpweya wopanda ziro pofika chaka cha 2050 kudzafuna njira zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi. Pamndandanda uwu, Wired, mogwirizana ndi gawo la Rolex Forever Planet, ikuwonetsa anthu ndi madera omwe akugwira ntchito kuti athetse mavuto omwe tikukumana nawo omwe ali ovuta kwambiri pazachilengedwe. mgwirizano ndi Rolex, koma zonse zili zodziyimira pawokha. phunzirani zambiri.